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Dorothy Gish

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Dorothy Gish
Gish in 1916
Born
Dorothy Elizabeth Gish

(1898-03-11)March 11, 1898
DiedJune 4, 1968(1968-06-04) (aged 70)
Rapallo, Italy
OccupationActress
Years active1912–1963
Spouse
(m. 1920; div. 1935)
MotherMary Robinson McConnell
RelativesLillian Gish (sister)

Dorothy Elizabeth Gish (March 11, 1898 – June 4, 1968) was an American stage and screen actress.[1] Dorothy and her older sister Lillian Gish were major movie stars of the silent era. Dorothy also had great success on the stage, and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Dorothy Gish was noted as a fine comedian, and many of her films were comedies.

Early life

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Dorothy Gish was born in Dayton, Ohio. She had an older sister, Lillian. The Gish sisters' mother, Mary, supported the family after her husband James Leigh Gish, a traveling salesman, abandoned the family in New York.[2] Mary Gish, who was "a former actress and department store clerk", moved with her daughters to East St. Louis, Illinois, where she opened a candy and catering business.[2] In 1902, at the age of four, Dorothy made her stage debut portraying the character "Little Willie" in East Lynne, an adaptation of the 1861 English novel by Ellen Wood.[3]

In 1910, Mary heard from her husband's brother, Grant Gish, who lived in Shawnee, Oklahoma and informed her that James was ill. He was in a hospital in nearby Norman, Oklahoma, so Mary sent 17-year-old Lillian to visit him. At first, Lillian wrote back to her 12-year-old sister Dorothy that she planned to stay in Oklahoma and continue her education, but after seeing her father she admitted she missed her mother and sister. So, after a few months away from them, in the spring of 1912, she traveled back. Soon afterward, their childhood friend, actress Mary Pickford, introduced the sisters to director D. W. Griffith, and they began performing as extras at the Biograph Studios in New York at salaries of 50 dollars a week.[4] During his initial work with the sisters, Griffith found it difficult to distinguish one from the other, so he had Lillian wear a blue ribbon in her hair and Dorothy a red one.[5] The girls, especially Lillian, impressed the director, so he included them in the entourage of cast and crew he took to California to produce films there.[4]

Career

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Gish in 1954

Dorothy and her sister debuted in Griffith's 1912 production An Unseen Enemy. She would ultimately perform in over 100 short films and features, many times with Lillian. Throughout her own career, however, Dorothy had to contend with ongoing comparisons to her elder or "big" sister by film critics, fellow actors, studio executives, and by other insiders in the motion picture industry. Such comparisons began even from the outset of the sisters' work for Biograph. Linda Arvidson, Griffith's first wife, recalls their initial work for the studio in her autobiography When The Movies Were Young:

Lillian and Dorothy just melted right into the studio atmosphere without causing a ripple. For quite a long time they merely did extra work in and out of pictures. Especially Dorothy, as Mr. Griffith paid her no attention whatsoever and she kept on crying and trailed along. She also continued to play in many one and two reel Biograph films, learning the difficult technique of silent film acting, and preparing for opportunity when it came. Dorothy was still a person of insignificance, but she was a good sport about it; a likable kid, a bit too perky to interest the big director, so her talents blushed unnoticed by Mr. Griffith. In 'The Unseen Enemy' the sisters made their first joint appearance. Lillian regarded Dorothy with all the superior airs and graces of her rank. At a rehearsal of 'The Wife', of Belasco and DeMille fame, in which picture I played the lead, and Dorothy the ingénue, Lillian was one day an interested spectator. She was watching intently, for Dorothy had had so few opportunities, and now was doing so well, Lillian was unable to contain her surprise, and as she left the scene she said: 'Why, Dorothy is good; she's almost as good as I am.' Many more than myself thought Dorothy was better.

Near-fatal accident, 1914

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Dorothy Gish's budding film career almost ended on a street in Los Angeles the day after Thanksgiving in 1914. On Friday, November 26, the 16-year-old actress was struck and nearly killed by a "racing automobile".[6] Newspapers and film-industry publications at the time reported the event and described the severe injuries Gish sustained. The near-fatal accident occurred as Dorothy was walking with Lillian at the intersection of Vermont and Prospect avenues.[7] According to news reports, after the car struck her, it dragged her along the street for 40 to 50 feet. Other movie personnel who were standing together on a nearby sidewalk, including D. W. Griffith, witnessed Dorothy being hit.[6] The following day, the Los Angeles Times informed its readers about the accident:

...Miss Dorothy Gish, a moving picture actress, was seriously injured yesterday afternoon. Picked up unconscious, she was taken to the office of Dr. Tryon at number 4767 Hollywood boulevard, where it was found her injuries consisted of a crushed right foot, a deep cut in the right side, and bruises on all parts of her body. She was later removed to the home of her mother at LaBelle apartments, Fourth and Hope streets. The automobile that ran her down is owned by T. B. Loreno of No. 6636 Selma avenue, also of the moving picture game.[7]

Subsequent news reports also describe the reaction of other pedestrians at the scene. The Chicago Sunday Tribune and trade papers reported that Dorothy's "horrified friends" rushed to her aid, with Griffith being among those who lifted the unconscious teenager into an ambulance and reportedly rode with her in the emergency vehicle.[6][8] In addition to Gish's initial examination by the doctor identified by the Los Angeles Times, the Chicago newspaper and Motion Picture News stated that she was rushed to the hospital, where surgeons mended her "very badly torn" left side with "many stitches" and treated the area where one of her toes had been "cut off", presumably a toe from her badly damaged right foot.[8] At the time of the accident, Gish was completing a two-reel romantic comedy with actor W. E. Lawrence. The film, How Hazel Got Even, had already been delayed once at Reliance-Majestic Studios due to director Donald Crisp's bout with pneumonia.[9] Completion of the short was postponed yet again, for over a month, while Gish recuperated.[10][11] Originally scheduled for release on December 27, 1914, How Hazel Got Even was not distributed to theaters until mid-February 1915.[12]

1915–1928

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After recovering from the 1914 accident, Gish resumed her screen career the following year, performing in a series of two- and three-reel shorts as well as in longer, more complex films such as the five-reel productions Old Heidelberg, directed by John Emerson, and Jordan Is a Hard Road, once again under D. W. Griffith's direction.[13][14] Increasingly, Dorothy's appeal to both producers and audiences continued to grow in 1915, leading W. E. Keefe in the June issue of Motion Picture Magazine to recognize her as "one of the most popular film stars on the Motion Picture screen".[11] In an article about Gish in the cited issue, Keefe also recognizes that Dorothy, career-wise, was finally emerging from her sister's shadow:

A year ago she was known as Lillian's little sister. A year's growth has changed this. Today she is taller and weighs more than her "big" sister, and is known as Dorothy Gish without always being identified as "Lillian's sister".[15]

In 1916 and 1917, Dorothy continued to expand her acting credentials by starring in a variety of five-reelers for Fine Arts Film Company or "Griffith's studio", which was a subsidiary of Triangle Film Corporation. Her work in those years required filming on locations in New York and on the West Coast.

Gish, c. 1920

In the 1918 release Hearts of the World, a film about World War I and the devastation of France, Dorothy found her first cinematic foothold in comedy, striking a personal hit in a role that captured the essence of her sense of humor. As the "little disturber", a street singer, her performance was the highlight of the film, and her characterization on screen catapulted her into a career as a star of comedy films.

Dorothy (with fan) and her sister Lillian, 1921

Griffith did not use Dorothy in any of his earliest epics, but while he spent months working on The Birth of a Nation and Intolerance, Dorothy was featured in many feature-length films made under the banner of Triangle and Mutual releases. They were directed by young Griffith protégés such as Donald Crisp, James Kirkwood, and Christy Cabanne. Elmer Clifton directed a series of seven Paramount-Artcraft comedies with Dorothy that were so successful and popular that the tremendous revenue they raked in helped to pay the cost of Griffith’s expensive epics. These films were wildly popular with the public and the critics. She specialised in pantomime and light comedy, while her sister appeared in tragic roles. Dorothy became famous in this long series of Griffith-supervised films for the Triangle-Fine Arts and Paramount companies from 1918 through 1920, comedies that put her in the front ranks of film comedians. Almost all of these films are now considered to be lost films.

"And So I Am a Comedienne", an article published in Ladies Home Journal in July 1925, gave Dorothy a chance to recall her public persona: “And so I am a comedienne, though I, too, once wanted to do heroic and tragic things. Today my objection to playing comedy is that it is so often misunderstood by the audiences, both in the theater and in the picture houses. It is so often thought to be a lesser art and something which comes to one naturally, a haphazard talent like the amateur clowning of some cut-up who is so often thought to be ‘the life of the party’. In the eyes of so many persons comedy is not only the absence of studied effect and acting, but it is not considered an art.”

She made a film in England Nell Gwynn which led to three more films. Gish earned £41,000 for these movies.[16]

Sound era and return to stage

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When the film industry converted to talking pictures, Dorothy made one in 1930, the British crime drama Wolves. Earlier, in 1928 and 1929, her performances in the Broadway play Young Love and her work with director George Cukor renewed her interest in stagecraft and in the immediacy of performing live again.[17] The light comedy had proven to be popular with critics and audiences in New York, in performances on the road in the United States, as well overseas in a London production. Those successes convinced her to take a respite from film-making.

Postcard of Gish in Life with Father

In 1939, both Dorothy and Lillian Gish found the stage role of a lifetime. “Dorothy and I went to see the New York production of Life with Father, starring Howard Lindsay and Dorothy Stickney,” Lillian wrote in her autobiography. “After the performance I said: ‘This is the play we’ve been waiting for to take through America.’” Lillian predicted the popular play would be a perfect showcase for all the people who had seen the hundreds of films featuring Mary Pickford, Dorothy, and herself. She was introduced to Lindsay backstage, and immediately surprised the producers with her enthusiastic desire to head the first company to go on the road, with Dorothy taking the same part for the second road company, and the movie rights for Mary Pickford. Pickford did not make the film version, but the Gish sisters took the two road companies on extensive tours. Another stage success later in Gish's career was The Magnificent Yankee, which ran on Broadway at the Royale Theatre during the first half of 1946.[18] Lillian in her pictorial book Dorothy and Lillian Gish repeats John Chapman's comments about her sister's work in that production: "'Miss [Dorothy] Gish and Mr. Calhern give the finest performances I have ever seen them in. She is a delight and a darling.'"[citation needed]

Television and final films

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Television in the 1950s offered many stage and film actors the opportunity to perform in plays broadcast live. Dorothy ventured into the new medium, appearing on NBC's Lux Video Theatre on the evening of November 24, 1955, in a production of Miss Susie Slagle's. She and Lillian had previously performed that play together on screen, in Paramount Pictures' 1945 film adaptation.

"The truth is, that she did not know what she really wanted to do," wrote her sister, Lillian, in her autobiography. "She had always had trouble making decisions and assuming responsibilities, in some ways she had never grown up. She was such a witty and enchanting child that we enjoyed indulging her. First Mother and I spoiled her and later Reba, her friend, and her husband Jim. Reba called Dorothy 'Baby' and so did Jim. With the best intentions in the world, we all helped to keep her a child."

From 1930 until her death, she only performed in five more movies, including Our Hearts Were Young and Gay (1944), which was a hit for Paramount. Director Otto Preminger cast Dorothy in his 1946 film, Centennial Summer, and Mae Marsh appears in the film in one of her many bit parts. In the 1951 release The Whistle at Eaton Falls, a film noir drama film produced by Louis de Rochemont, Dorothy portrays the widow of a mill owner. On television during this period, she also made several appearances in anthology television series. Her final film role was in 1963 in another Otto Preminger production, The Cardinal, in which she plays the mother of the title character.

Personal life

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Film still of Gish with James Rennie in Flying Pat (1920)

Dorothy Gish married only once, to James Malachi Rennie (1890–1965), a Canadian-born actor who co-starred with her in two productions in 1920: Remodeling Her Husband, directed by sister Lillian, and in the comedy Flying Pat. In December 1920, the couple eloped to Greenwich, Connecticut, where they wed in a double ceremony in which Gish's friend, actress Constance Talmadge, also married Greek businessman John Pialoglou.[19] Gish and Rennie remained together until their divorce in 1935. Dorothy never married again.

Death and legacy

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Gish died aged 70 in 1968 from bronchial pneumonia at a clinic in Rapallo, Italy, where she had been a patient for two years to treat hardening arteries.[20] Her sister Lillian, who was filming in Rome, was at her bedside.[4][20] The New York Times reported the day after her death that the United States consulate in Genoa was making arrangements to cremate "Miss Gish's body" for return to the United States.[4] The ashes were later entombed in Saint Bartholomew's Episcopal Church in New York City in the columbarium in the undercroft of the church. Lillian, who died in 1993, was interred beside her.

In recognition of her contributions to the motion picture industry, in 1960 Dorothy Gish was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6385 Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles.

The (since renamed) Gish Film Theatre and Gallery of Bowling Green State University's Department of Theatre and Film was named for Lillian and Dorothy Gish and was dedicated on that campus in 1976.[21][22]

Quotes

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Dorothy Gish with a doll.

Dorothy was much more talented than I am because she had wit. She could make people laugh. And they said I was as funny as a baby's open grave. I couldn't make people laugh, but Dorothy could make them cry and laugh, so therefore she was the better actress than I was. — Lillian Gish interview, 1987[5]

Partial filmography

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Peppy Polly (1919)
Boots (1919)
Year Title Role Notes
1912 An Unseen Enemy The sister
Two Daughters of Eve In theatre crowd
So Near, Yet so Far A friend Copy in Museum of Modern Art
The Painted Lady Belle at ice cream festival
The Musketeers of Pig Alley Frizzy-haired woman in street Copy in Library of Congress
Gold and Glitter On street
My Baby Wedding guest Copy in Museum of Modern Art
The Informer The Southern girl Copies in Library of Congress
Brutality
The New York Hat
My Hero The young woman
The Burglar's Dilemma Birthday wellwisher
A Cry for Help Witness to accident
1913 Oil and Water In first audience
Broken Ways In telegraph office
The Perfidy of Mary Rose
The Lady and the Mouse The second sister
Just Gold The Sweetheart's sister
Red Hicks Defies the World Hicks' sweetheart
The Vengeance of Galora Unconfirmed
The House of Discord The daughter Copy in Museum of Modern Art
Almost a Wild Man Miss Smart / Sideshow patron
1914 Her Father's Silent Partner
Judith of Bethulia The crippled beggar
The Floor Above Stella Ford
Home, Sweet Home Sister of Payne's sweetheart
The Rebellion of Kitty Belle
The Sisters Carol
1915 How Hazel Got Even Hazel
His Lesson Participant in mob scene
Jordan Is a Hard Road Cora Findley Lost film
Old Heidelberg Katie Huder
1916 Gretchen the Greenhorn Gretchen Van Houck
Betty of Greystone Betty Lockwood Incomplete film
Little Meena's Romance Meena Lost film
Susan Rocks the Boat Susan Johnstone Lost film
The Children of the Feud Sairy Ann Lost film
The Little School Ma'am Nan
Atta Boy's Last Race Lois Brandon
1917 Stage Struck Ruth Colby Copy in Library of Congress
Her Official Fathers Janice Lost film
The Little Yank Sallie Castleton
1918 Hearts of the World The Little Disturber Copy in Cohen Media Group
Battling Jane Jane Lost film
The Hun Within Beth Copy in Cinémathèque Française
The Hope Chest Sheila Moore Lost film
1919 Boots Boots Lost film
Peppy Polly Polly Lost film
I'll Get Him Yet Susy Faraday Jones Lost film
Nobody Home Frances Wadsworth Lost film
Nugget Nell Nugget Nell Lost film
Turning the Tables
1920 Mary Ellen Comes to Town Mary Ellen Lost film
Remodeling Her Husband Jane Wakefield Lost film
Little Miss Rebellion Grand Duchess Marie Louise Lost film
Flying Pat Patricia Van Nuys Copy in Cinémathèque Française
1921 Orphans of the Storm Louise Girard
The Ghost in the Garret Delsie O'Dell Lost film
1922 The Country Flapper Jolanda Whiple Lost film
1923 Fury Minnie Lost film
The Bright Shawl La Clavel Copy in UCLA Film and Television Archive
1924 Romola Tessa
1925 Night Life of New York Meg Lost film
The Beautiful City Mollie Lost film
Clothes Make the Pirate Betsy Tidd Lost film
Ben-Hur Chariot Race Spectator
1926 Nell Gwyn Nell Gwyn
London Mavis Hogan Lost film
Camille Grace
1927 Madame Pompadour Madame Pompadour
Tip Toes Tiptoes Kay Lost film
1930 Wolves Leila McDonald
1944 Our Hearts Were Young and Gay Mrs. Skinner
1946 Centennial Summer Mrs. Rogers
1951 The Whistle at Eaton Falls Mrs. Doubleday
1963 The Cardinal Celia

References

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Notes

  1. ^ Although for many years it was believed that the Gish sisters were born with the surname "De Guiche" or "de Guiche", their surname was, in fact, Gish. Biographer Charles Affron explains the source of the inaccuracies regarding the name in Lillian Gish: Her Legend, Her Life: "The Gish name was initially the source of some mystification. In 1922, at the time of the opening of Orphans of the Storm, Lillian reported that the Gish family was of French origin, descending from the Duke de Guiche.... [S]uch press-agentry falsification was common. Just a few years later the story was modified slightly so that de Guiche becomes the more illustrious Duc de Guise.... [A]mong the Gish ancestors were a great-uncle probably murdered on a business trip to Philadelphia and four cousins who served in the Civil War ... James Leigh Gish was the youngest of four sons of David Gish (1814–1888) and Diana Caroline Waltz."
  2. ^ a b Dwyer, Shawn. "Dorothy Gish", Turner Classic Movies (TCM), Atlanta, Georgia. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  3. ^ Johnston, William A., ed. (October 21, 1916). Dorothy Gish (under 'Actresses—Leads'). Vol. 14. New York, N.Y.: Motion Picture News (Studio Directory). p. 75. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d "Dorothy Gish, Actress, Is Dead; In Theater and Films 50 Years: Starred With Sister, Lillian, in Griffith Silent Classics—Many Broadway Roles", The New York Times (1923–current digital archives), June 6, 1968, p. 47. ProQuest Historical Newspapers.
  5. ^ a b "Miss Lillian Gish Interview" conducted by actress Mariette Hartley on January 22, 1987, the 112th anniversary of D. W. Griffith's birth. YouTube, originally published there by Dana Harris on December 25, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "In Movie Land", The Chicago Sunday Tribune, January 3, 1915, p. VIII 7. ProQuest Historical Newspapers. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "Dorothy Gish is Injured", Los Angeles Times, November 27, 1914, p. 110. ProQuest Historical Newspapers.
  8. ^ a b "Dorothy Gish Is Injured by Automobile", Motion Picture News, December 26, 1914, p. 26. Internet Archive. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  9. ^ "In and Out of Los Angeles Studios", Motion Picture News, December 19, 1914, p. 44. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  10. ^ "Dorothy Gish Injured", Photoplay (Chicago), February 1921, p. 135. Internet Archive. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  11. ^ a b Keefe, W. E. (1915). "Dorothy Gish", feature article in Motion Picture Magazine, June 1915, p. 109. Internet Archive. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  12. ^ "Release Dates for Ready Reference", "12–27 How Hazel Got Even", Motion Picture News, December 19, 1914, p. 44. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  13. ^ "Old Heidelberg", Variety (New York, N.Y.), October 8, 1915, p. 21. Internet Archive. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  14. ^ "Jordan Is A Hard Road", Variety, November 19, 1915, p. 24. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  15. ^ Keefe, p. 111.
  16. ^ "Dorothy Gish Made £41,000 from Three British Films". The Sun. No. 5408. New South Wales, Australia. March 8, 1928. p. 1 (FINAL EXTRA). Retrieved August 19, 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  17. ^ "Dorothy Gish", Internet Broadway Database (IBDB), stage credits, The Broadway League, New York, N.Y. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
  18. ^ "The Magnificent Yankee, Royale Theatre, January 22 – June 8, 1946. Playbill, New York, N.Y. Retrieved September 28, 2019.
  19. ^ "They're Married!", Photoplay (Chicago, Illinois), March 1921, pp. 59, 113. Internet Archive, San Francisco, California. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  20. ^ a b "Dorothy Gish Dies Of Bronchial Pneumonia; Career Spanned 54 Years". Daily Variety. June 7, 1968. p. 7.
  21. ^ "Gish Film Theatre – History". Bowling Green State University. Retrieved May 4, 2019.
  22. ^ Lindstrom, Lauren (May 3, 2019). "BGSU trustees vote to drop 'Gish' from theater name over racist film". Toledo Blade. Retrieved May 4, 2019.

Bibliography

See also

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