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List of presidents of Indonesia

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The president is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the supreme commander of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the president and vice president are directly elected to a five-year term.The presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupying Japanese 16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java".[1] On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president.

Presidents

[edit]
  Independent (1 president, 4 vice presidents, 1 vice president-elect)
  Golkar (2 presidents, 6 vice presidents)
  National Awakening Party (1 president)
  Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (2 presidents, 1 vice president)
  United Development Party (1 vice president)
  Democratic Party (1 president)
  Great Indonesia Movement Party (1 president-elect)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death) 		Term of office Political party Vice president(s)
Took office Left office Election Time in office
1 Sukarno
(1901–1970) 		18 August 1945 12 March 1967[2] 1945 21 years, 206 days Independent Mohammad Hatta
Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967)
Declared Indonesia's independence from colonial powers. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for a 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as the principle ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and began Konfrontasi. Signed the Supersemar in 1966, following the assassination of 6 generals. Relieved from power in 1967.
During this interval, Chief of Staff of the Indonesian Army Suharto was the acting president.
2 Suharto
(1921–2008) 		27 March 1968 23 March 1973 1968
1973
1978
1983
1988
1993
1998 		30 years, 55 days Golkar[a] Vacant
23 March 1973 11 March 1978 Hamengkubuwono IX
11 March 1978 11 March 1983 Adam Malik
11 March 1983 11 March 1988 Umar Wirahadikusumah
11 March 1988 11 March 1993 Sudharmono
11 March 1993 11 March 1998 Try Sutrisno
11 March 1998 21 May 1998 B. J. Habibie
The first president from a military background. The longest serving president with an over 30-year tenure. Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Annexed East Timor. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development, but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 1998 riots.
3 B. J. Habibie
(1936–2019) 		21 May 1998 20 October 1999 — 1 year, 152 days Golkar Vacant
First, and to date the only, president (aside from acting presidents) who was born outside of Java. First vice president to become president. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term.
4 Abdurrahman Wahid
(1940–2009) 		20 October 1999 23 July 2001 1999 1 year, 276 days National Awakening Party Vacant (20–21 October 1999)
Megawati Sukarnoputri
First executive branch officer (president and vice president) to have come from a religious background. Head of Nahdlatul Ulama and grandson of its founder. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was himself impeached and removed from office by the parliament.
5 Megawati Sukarnoputri
(born 1947) 		23 July 2001 20 October 2004 — 3 years, 89 days Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle Vacant (23–26 July 2001)
Hamzah Haz
First female president of Indonesia and the first to be born after the proclamation of independence in 1945. Oldest daughter and second child of President Sukarno, first president born to another president. First female vice president and the only vice president to be born post-1945 (until 20 October 2024). Came to power following the removal of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost the reelection bid to her former coordinating minister twice.
6 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
(born 1949) 		20 October 2004 20 October 2009 2004
2009 		10 years Democratic Party Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2009 20 October 2014 Boediono
The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. The second president from a military background. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah was severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia was classified as part of MINT and became a member of the G20 during his presidency. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. He presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party was embroiled by many corruption scandals.
7 Joko Widodo
(born 1961) 		20 October 2014 20 October 2019 2014
2019 		9 years, 306 days Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle[b] Jusuf Kalla
20 October 2019 Incumbent Ma'ruf Amin
The first president not to have emerged from the country's political elite or to have been an army general.[3] First president to have been a regional politician (mayor for about 7 years, governor for nearly 2 years) and the first to be born after the recognition of independence in December 1949. Initiated the process to move the capital of Indonesia from Jakarta to Nusantara. Elected to a second term in 2019. During his second term, he hosted the G20 Bali summit in 2022. First president to be expelled from his political party while in office.


President-elect

Portrait Name
(Birth) 		Election Inauguration date Political party Vice president-elect
Prabowo Subianto
(born 1951) 		2024 20 October 2024 Great Indonesia Movement Party Gibran Rakabuming Raka
A retired general who was a former leader of the Special Forces Command (Kopassus) and Army Strategic Reserve Command (Kostrad). Lost twice against his predecessor in 2014 and 2019, but he was appointed as Minister of Defense by his predecessor in 2019 (months after the election). Prabowo's 96 million votes were the highest received by any candidate in a democratic election in Indonesia, surpassing Joko Widodo's 85.6 million votes won in the 2019 election. He will be the first president who had a younger predecessor and the oldest person ever sworn-in as president in the first term. He also will be the third president from a military background.

By age

[edit]
# President Born Age at
start of presidency 		Age at
end of presidency 		Post-presidency
timespan 		Lifespan
Died Age
01 Sukarno 6 June 1901 44 years, 73 days
18 August 1945 		65 years, 279 days
12 March 1967[c] 		3 years, 101 days 21 June 1970 69 years, 15 days
02 Suharto 8 June 1921 45 years, 277 days
12 March 1967 		76 years, 347 days
21 May 1998[d] 		9 years, 251 days 27 January 2008 86 years, 233 days
03 B. J. Habibie 25 June 1936 61 years, 330 days
21 May 1998 		63 years, 117 days
20 October 1999 		19 years, 326 days 11 September 2019 83 years, 78 days
04 Abdurrahman Wahid 7 September 1940 59 years, 43 days
20 October 1999 		60 years, 319 days
23 July 2001[c] 		8 years, 160 days 30 December 2009 69 years, 114 days
05 Megawati Sukarnoputri 23 January 1947 54 years, 181 days
23 July 2001 		57 years, 271 days
20 October 2004 		19 years, 306 days 2024-08-21(living) 77 years, 211 days
06 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 9 September 1949 55 years, 41 days
20 October 2004 		65 years, 41 days
20 October 2014 		9 years, 306 days 2024-08-21(living) 74 years, 347 days
07 Joko Widodo 21 June 1961 53 years, 121 days
20 October 2014 		63 years, 121 days
20 October 2024 		(incumbent) 2024-08-21(living) 63 years, 61 days
Joko WidodoSusilo Bambang YudhoyonoMegawati SukarnoputriAbdurrahman WahidB. J. HabibieSuhartoSukarno

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ With military support
  2. ^ Expelled from his political party at the last year of his second term
  3. ^ a b Removed from office
  4. ^ Resigned from office

By time in office

[edit]
Rank President Length
in days		 Order of presidency Number of terms
1 Suharto 11,393[a] 2nd • 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998[b] Six full terms; resigned 2 months and 11 days into seventh term
2 Sukarno 7,876[c] 1st • 18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967[d][2] De jure: Four full terms; removed 1 year, 6 months, and 22 days into fifth term
De facto: Never faced reelection, declared president for life by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963
3 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono 3,652 6th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2014 Two full terms
4 Joko Widodo 3,593[e] 7th • 20 October 2014 – Incumbent Serving second term
5 Megawati Sukarnoputri 1,185 5th • 23 July 2001[f] – 20 October 2004 One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 27 days)[g]
6 Abdurrahman Wahid 642 4th • 20 October 1999 – 23 July 2001[d] One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 3 days)
7 B. J. Habibie 517 3rd • 21 May 1998[f] – 20 October 1999 One partial term[h] (1 year, 4 months, and 29 days)
Acting Assaat 231 27 December 1949[i] – 15 August 1950 State-level president[j] for 7 months and 19 days
Acting Sjafruddin Prawiranegara 203 22 December 1948[i] – 13 July 1949 Acting president[k] for 6 months and 21 days

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Suharto was acting president until 27 March 1968 (381 days), when he was made full president
  2. ^ Resigned from office
  3. ^ Sukarno was detained by Dutch troops on 19 December 1948 during the Operation Kraai. During this time, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, led by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, acted as the country's government-in-exile until 13 July 1949. As a result, Sukarno's term in office actually had 206 days less. This figure includes his term as the president of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 15 August 1950; 231 days), which was coterminous with Assaat being president of the constituent Republic of Indonesia.
  4. ^ a b Removed from office
  5. ^ As of 21 August 2024
  6. ^ a b Succeeded to presidency
  7. ^ Sought election to a full term in 2004, but was defeated.
  8. ^ Originally assigned to office until 10 March 2003, but due to the accelerated election he was required to face reelection in which he did not contest after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR.
  9. ^ a b Acting president
  10. ^ President of State of Republic of Indonesia after Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference, while Sukarno became president of United States of Indonesia.
  11. ^ President of emergency government during Indonesian National Revolution, after both Sukarno and Hatta were captured by the Dutch authorities after the second police action.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), "A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia" (PDF), Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 167 (2–3): 196–209, doi:10.1163/22134379-90003589, ISSN 0006-2294
  2. ^ a b Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 20 February 1967 but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.
  3. ^ Cochrane, Joe (22 July 2014). "A Child of the Slum Rises as President of Indonesia". The New York Times.
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