Isotopes of polonium
Appearance
(Redirected from Polonium 218)
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There are 42 isotopes of polonium (84Po). They range in size from 186 to 227 nucleons. They are all radioactive. 210Po with a half-life of 138.376 days has the longest half-life of any naturally-occurring isotope of polonium and is the most common isotope of polonium. It is also the most easily synthesized polonium isotope. 209Po, which does not occur naturally, has the longest half-life of all isotopes of polonium at 124 years. 209Po can be made by using a cyclotron to bombard bismuth with protons, as can 208Po.[2]
List of isotopes
[edit]Nuclide [n 1] |
Historic name |
Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Half-life |
Decay mode |
Daughter isotope [n 4][n 5] |
Spin and parity [n 6][n 7] |
Isotopic abundance | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Excitation energy[n 7] | |||||||||||||||||||
186Po | 84 | 102 | 186.004403(20) | 28+16 −6 μs |
α | 182Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
187Po | 84 | 103 | 187.003030(40) | 1.40(25) ms | α | 183Pb | 1/2−, 5/2− | ||||||||||||
187mPo | 4(27) keV | 0.5 ms | α | 183Pb | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||
188Po | 84 | 104 | 187.999416(21) | 270(30) μs | α | 184Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
189Po | 84 | 105 | 188.998473(24) | 3.5(5) ms | α | 185Pb | (5/2−) | ||||||||||||
190Po | 84 | 106 | 189.995102(14) | 2.45(5) ms | α | 186Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
191Po | 84 | 107 | 190.994558(8) | 22(1) ms | α | 187Pb | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
191mPo | 61(11) keV | 93(3) ms | α | 187mPb | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
192Po | 84 | 108 | 191.991340(11) | 32.2(3) ms | α | 188Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
192mPo | 2294.6(10) keV | 580(100) ns | IT | 192Po | 11− | ||||||||||||||
193Po | 84 | 109 | 192.991062(16) | 399(34) ms | α | 189Pb | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
193mPo | 100(6) keV | 245(11) ms | α | 189mPb | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
194Po | 84 | 110 | 193.988186(14) | 392(4) ms | α | 190Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
194mPo | 2313.4(3) keV | 12.9(5) μs | IT | 194Po | (10−) | ||||||||||||||
195Po | 84 | 111 | 194.988066(6) | 4.64(9) s | α (94%) | 191Pb | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
β+? | 195Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
195mPo | 148(9) keV | 1.92(2) s | α | 191mPb | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
196Po | 84 | 112 | 195.985541(6) | 5.56(12) s | α (94%) | 192Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+? | 196Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
196mPo | 2493.9(4) keV | 856(17) ns | IT | 196Po | 11− | ||||||||||||||
197Po | 84 | 113 | 196.985622(11) | 53.6(9) s | β+? | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (44%) | 193Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
197mPo | 196(12)# keV | 25.8(1) s | α (84%) | 193mPb | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+? | 197Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
IT? | 197Po | ||||||||||||||||||
198Po | 84 | 114 | 197.983389(19) | 1.760(24) min | α (57%) | 194Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
198m1Po | 2565.92(20) keV | 200(20) ns | IT | 198Po | 11− | ||||||||||||||
198m2Po | 2740(50)# keV | 750(50) ns | IT | 198Po | 12+ | ||||||||||||||
199Po | 84 | 115 | 198.983666(25) | 5.48(16) min | β+ (92.5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||||||||||||
α (7.5%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
199mPo | 312.0(28) keV | 4.17(4) min | β+ (73.5%) | 199Bi | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (24%) | 195Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
IT (2.5%) | 199Po | ||||||||||||||||||
200Po | 84 | 116 | 199.981799(15) | 11.5(1) min | β+ (88.8%) | 200Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (11.1%) | 196Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201Po | 84 | 117 | 200.982260(6) | 15.3(2) min | β+ (98.4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (1.6%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
201mPo | 424.1(24) keV | 8.9(2) min | IT (56.2(12)%) | 201Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (41.4(7)%) | 201Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
α (2.4(5)%) | 197Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202Po | 84 | 118 | 201.980758(16) | 44.7(5) min | β+ (98%) | 202Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (2%) | 198Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
202mPo | 2626.7(7) keV | >200 ns | 11− | ||||||||||||||||
203Po | 84 | 119 | 202.981420(28) | 36.7(5) min | β+ (99.89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.11%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m1Po | 641.49(17) keV | 45(2) s | IT (99.96%) | 203Po | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (.04%) | 199Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
203m2Po | 2158.5(6) keV | >200 ns | |||||||||||||||||
204Po | 84 | 120 | 203.980318(12) | 3.53(2) h | β+ (99.33%) | 204Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (.66%) | 200Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205Po | 84 | 121 | 204.981203(21) | 1.66(2) h | β+ (99.96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.04%) | 201Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
205m1Po | 143.166(17) keV | 310(60) ns | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
205m2Po | 880.30(4) keV | 645 μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
205m3Po | 1461.21(21) keV | 57.4(9) ms | IT | 205Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
205m4Po | 3087.2(4) keV | 115(10) ns | 29/2− | ||||||||||||||||
206Po | 84 | 122 | 205.980481(9) | 8.8(1) d | β+ (94.55%) | 206Bi | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (5.45%) | 202Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
206m1Po | 1585.85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8+)# | ||||||||||||||||
206m2Po | 2262.22(14) keV | 1.05(6) μs | (9−)# | ||||||||||||||||
207Po | 84 | 123 | 206.981593(7) | 5.80(2) h | β+ (99.97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
α (.021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||||||||||||
207m1Po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||||||||||||
207m2Po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
207m3Po | 1383.15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||||||||||||
208Po | 84 | 124 | 207.9812457(19) | 2.898(2) y | α (99.99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (.00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
209Po | 84 | 125 | 208.9824304(20) | 124(3) y | α (99.546%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
β+ (.454%) | 209Bi | ||||||||||||||||||
210Po[n 8] | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209.9828737(13) | 138.376(2) d | α | 206Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
210mPo | 5057.61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16+ | ||||||||||||||||
211Po | Actinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210.9866532(14) | 516(3) ms | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] | ||||||||||
211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25.2(6) s | α (99.98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (.016%) | 211Po | ||||||||||||||||||
211m2Po | 2135.7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
211m3Po | 4873.3(17) keV | 2.8(7) μs | (43/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
212Po | Thorium C' | 84 | 128 | 211.9888680(13) | 294.4(8) ns[1] | α | 208Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] | ||||||||||
212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45.1(6) s | α (99.93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||||||||||||
IT (.07%)[3][4] | 212Po | ||||||||||||||||||
213Po | 84 | 129 | 212.992857(3) | 3.65(4) μs | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 12] | |||||||||||
214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213.9952014(16) | 164.3(20) μs | α | 210Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
215Po | Actinium A | 84 | 131 | 214.9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | α (99.99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | Trace[n 10] | ||||||||||
β− (2.3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||||||||||||
216Po | Thorium A | 84 | 132 | 216.0019150(24) | 145(2) ms | α[n 13] | 212Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 11] | ||||||||||
217Po | 84 | 133 | 217.006335(7) | 1.47(5) s | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | Trace[n 12] | |||||||||||
β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||||||||||||
218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218.0089730(26) | 3.10(1) min | α (99.98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | Trace[n 9] | ||||||||||
β− (.02%) | 218At | ||||||||||||||||||
219Po | 84 | 135 | 219.01361(16) | 10.3(1) min | α (28.2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
β− (71.8%) | 219At | ||||||||||||||||||
220Po | 84 | 136 | 220.0164(18) | 40# s [>300 ns] |
β− | 220At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
221Po | 84 | 137 | 221.02123(20) | 2.2(0.7) min | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||
222Po | 84 | 138 | 222.024144(40) | 9.1(7.2) min | β− | 222At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
223Po | 84 | 139 | 223.02907(21)# | 6# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 223At | 11/2+# | ||||||||||||
224Po | 84 | 140 | 224.03211(21)# | 3# min [>300 ns] |
β−? | 224At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
225Po | 84 | 141 | 225.03712(32)# | 10# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 225At | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||
226Po | 84 | 142 | 226.04031(43)# | 1# min [>300 ns] |
β−? | 226At | 0+ | ||||||||||||
227Po | 84 | 143 | 227.04539(43)# | 2# s [>300 ns] |
β−? | 227At | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
- ^ mPo – Excited nuclear isomer.
- ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
- ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
- ^ Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
- ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
- ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
- ^ a b # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
- ^ Most common isotope
- ^ a b c Intermediate decay product of 238U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 235U
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 232Th
- ^ a b Intermediate decay product of 237Np
- ^ Theoretically capable of β−β− decay to 216Rn[1]
See also
[edit]- Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko (with 210Po)
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- ^ Carvalho, F.; Fernandes, S.; Fesenko, S.; Holm, E.; Howard, B.; Martin, P.; Phaneuf, P.; Porcelli, D.; Pröhl, G.; Twining, J. (2017). The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium. Technical reports series. Vol. 484. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. p. 22. ISBN 978-92-0-112116-5. ISSN 0074-1914.
- ^ Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- ^ https://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat3/getdataset.jsp?nucleus=212Po&unc=NDS, NNDC Chart of Nuclides, Adopted Levels, Gammas for 212Po.
- General references
Isotope data is sourced in:
- Isotopic mass, spin and parity
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Half-life
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.