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List of heads of government of Liechtenstein

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The head of government of Liechtenstein (German: Regierungschef), known informally as the Prime Minister, is the chief executive of the Government of Liechtenstein and chairs the cabinet of Liechtenstein. They are appointed by the sovereign prince of Liechtenstein with the consent of the Landtag of Liechtenstein and are expected to command the confidence of both the prince and the Landtag.[1] The appointed head of government is typically the leader of the political party with the most seats in the Landtag or a coalition of parties, but is not required to be a member of the Landtag themselves, although they should meet the eligibility requirements for that office.

The role originated when Michael Menzinger applied for the creation of the role in 1833, and was the first office-holder.[2] The title was changed to "Governor" as a concession following the Revolution of 1848 in Liechtenstein, and was formalized upon the ratification of the 1862 constitution of Liechtenstein on 26 September.[2][3] In 1921, a new constitution was ratified in which the office was replaced by that of Prime Minister.[3][4] Under this constitution, the eligibility for becoming head of government was changed to require residency in Liechtenstein.[1]

The incumbent Prime Minister is Daniel Risch since 25 March 2021.[5] There are currently five living former prime ministers, with Walter Kieber being the most recent death, in 2014.[6]

Head of government

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Political parties

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  Independent

  Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP)

  Christian-Social People's Party (VP)[a]

  Patriotic Union (VU)

State administrator (1861–1921)

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The Landesverweser (transl. State administrator), also known as simply 'Governor', was the title of the head of government from 1848 to 1921.[7]

List of State Administrators
No.[b] Portrait Name
(born-died)
Term of office Party Monarch

(Reign)

Ref(s).
Start Duration
1 Michael Menzinger
(1792–1877)
March 1833

April 1861

28 years, 1 month Independent Aloys II

(1836–1858)
[2]
2 Karl Freiherr Haus von Hausen
(1823–1889)
April 1861

23 September 1884

23 years, 175 days Johann II

(1858–1929)
[4]
3 Carl von In der Maur
(1852–1913)
23 September 1884

5 September 1892

7 years, 348 days
4 Friedrich Stellwag von Carion
(1852–1896)
5 September 1892

24 October 1896

4 years, 49 days
(3) Carl von In der Maur
(1852–1913)
4 January 1897

11 December 1913

16 years, 341 days
Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962)
Acting
11 December 1913

1 April 1914

111 days [8]
5 Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
(1869–1922)
1 April 1914

13 November 1918

4 years, 226 days [4]
Martin Ritter
Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee
(1872–1947)
7 November 1918

7 December 1918

30 days Christian-Social People's Party
6 Prince Karl Aloys of Liechtenstein
(1878–1955)
13 December 1918

15 December 1920

1 year, 277 days Independent
7 Josef Peer
(1864–1925)
15 December 1920

23 March 1921

189 days
8 Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962)
23 March 1921

5 October 1921

196 days Progressive Citizens' Party


Prime Minister (1921–present)

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The Regierungschef (lit.'head of government') is the current title for the head of government.[4] The office replaced State Administrator upon the ratification of the constitution of Liechtenstein on 5 October 1921.

List of Prime Ministers
No.[b] Portrait Name
(born–died)
Elected Term of office Cabinet Party Monarch
(Reign)
Ref(s).
Term Duration
1 Josef Ospelt
(1881–1962)
5 October 1921

4 May 1922

211 days Josef Ospelt cabinet FBP Johann II


(1858–1929)

[4]
Alfons Feger
(1856–1933)
Acting
4 May 1922

1 June 1922

28 days Ind
Felix Gubelmann
(1880–1929)
Acting
1 June 1922

6 June 1922

5 days
2 Gustav Schädler
(1883–1961)
1922
1926 (Jan)
1926 (Apr)
6 June 1922

28 June 1928

6 years, 22 days Gustav Schädler cabinet VP
Prince Alfred Roman of Liechtenstein
(1875–1930)
Acting
28 June 1928

4 August 1928

37 days Ind
3 Josef Hoop
(1895–1959)
1928
1930
1932
1936
1939
1945
4 August 1928

3 September 1945

17 years, 30 days I
II
III
IV
FBP Franz I

(1929–1938)
4 Alexander Frick
(1910–1991)
1949
1953 (Feb)
1953 (Jun)
1957
1958

1962

3 September 1945

16 July 1962

16 years, 316 days I

II

III

Franz Josef II

(1938–1989)
5 Gerard Batliner
(1928–2008)
1966 16 July 1962

18 March 1970

7 years, 245 days I

II

III

6 Alfred Hilbe
(1928–2011)
1970 18 March 1970

27 March 1974

4 years, 9 days Alfred Hilbe Cabinet VU
7 Walter Kieber
(1931–2014)
1974 27 March 1974

26 April 1978

4 years, 30 days Walter Kieber Cabinet FBP
8 Hans Brunhart
(born 1945)
1978
1982
1986
1989
26 April 1978

26 May 1993

15 years, 30 days I
II
III
IV
VU
9 Markus Büchel
(1959–2013)
1993 (Feb) 26 May 1993

15 December 1993

203 days Markus Büchel cabinet FBP Hans-Adam II


(1989–present)

10 Mario Frick
(born 1965)
1993 (Oct)
1997
15 December 1993

5 April 2001

7 years, 111 days I

II

VU
11 Otmar Hasler
(born 1953)
2001
2005
5 April 2001

25 March 2009

7 years, 354 days I

II

FBP
12 Klaus Tschütscher
(born 1967)
2009 25 March 2009

27 March 2013

4 years, 2 days Klaus Tschütscher cabinet VU
13 Adrian Hasler
(born 1964)
2013
2017
27 March 2013

25 March 2021

7 years, 363 days I

II

FBP
14 Daniel Risch
(born 1978)
2021 25 March 2021 3 years, 131 days Daniel Risch cabinet VU
  1. ^ Defunct from 1936
  2. ^ a b People are numbered according to periods served by the same person. For example, Carl von In der Maur served as State Administrator twice in two non-consecutive terms, yet is still counted as the second. People who occupied the position in a provisional manner are not counted, yet still noted.


Deputy head of government

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The deputy head of government is the secondary chief executive in Liechtenstein.[4] One of the cabinet ministers is appointed to this position by the prince of Liechtenstein upon the proposal of the Landtag of Liechtenstein.[1]

List of Deputy Prime Ministers[4]
No. Portrait Name
(born–died)
Party Took office Left office Prime Minister
1 Alfons Feger
(1856–1933)
Independent 2 March 1922 1 June 1922 Josef Ospelt FBP
Himself
Acting Prime Minister
Ind
Vacant
(1–6 June 1922)
Felix Gubelmann
Acting Prime Minister
Ind
(1) Alfons Feger
(1856–1933)
Independent 6 June 1922 28 June 1928 Gustav Schädler VP
Vacant
(28 June–4 August 1928)
Prince Alfred Roman of Liechtenstein
Acting Prime Minister
Ind
2 Ludwig Marxer
(1897–1962)
Progressive Citizens' Party 4 August 1928 20 June 1933 Josef Hoop FBP
3 Anton Frommelt
(1895–1975)
20 June 1933 30 March 1938
4 Alois Vogt
(1906–1988)
Patriotic Union 30 March 1938 3 September 1945
5 Ferdinand Nigg
(1893–1957)
3 September 1945 13 July 1957 Alexander Frick
6 Josef Büchel
(1910–1991)
13 July 1957 16 June 1965
Gerard Batliner
7 Alfred Hilbe
(1928–2011)
16 June 1965 18 March 1970
8 Walter Kieber
(1931–2014)
Progressive Citizens' Party 18 March 1970 27 March 1974 Alfred Hilbe VU
9 Hans Brunhart
(born 1945)
Patriotic Union 27 March 1974 26 April 1978 Walter Kieber FBP
(8) Walter Kieber
(1931–2014)
Progressive Citizens' Party 26 April 1978 1 July 1980 Hans Brunhart VU
9 Hilmar Ospelt
(1929–2020)
1 July 1980 2 February 1986
10 Herbert Wille
(born 1944)
2 February 1986 26 May 1993
11 Mario Frick
(born 1965)
Patriotic Union 26 May 1993 15 December 1993 Markus Büchel FBP
12 Thomas Büchel
(born 1952)
Progressive Citizens' Party 15 December 1993 2 February 1997 Mario Frick VU
13 Michael Ritter
(born 1957)
Patriotic Union 2 February 1997 5 April 2001
14 Rita Kieber-Beck
(born 1958)
Progressive Citizens' Party 5 April 2001 21 April 2005 Otmar Hasler FBP
15 Klaus Tschütscher
(born 1967)
Patriotic Union 21 April 2005 25 March 2009
16 Martin Meyer
(born 1972)
Progressive Citizens' Party 25 March 2009 27 March 2013 Klaus Tschütscher VU
17 Thomas Zwiefelhofer
(born 1969)
Patriotic Union 27 March 2013 30 March 2017 Adrian Hasler FBP
18 Daniel Risch
(born 1978)
30 March 2017 25 March 2021
19 Sabine Monauni
(born 1974)
Progressive Citizens' Party 25 March 2021 Incumbent Daniel Risch VU

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c "CONSTITUTION OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF LIECHTENSTEIN". EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION). Strasbourg. 27 November 2002 [5 October 1921]. pp. 22–23. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Burmeister, Karl Heinz (31 December 2011). "Menzinger, Johann Michael". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  3. ^ a b Wille, Herbert (31 December 2011). "Verfassung". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  5. ^ "New Government Sworn In". liechtensteinusa.org. Embassy of the Principality of Liechtenstein in Washington D.C. 26 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  6. ^ "Alt-Regierungschef Kieber mit 83 gestorben". Liechtensteiner Volksblatt (in German). 23 June 2014. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  7. ^ "Mitglieder der Regierung des Fürstentums Liechtenstein 1862-2021" (PDF). www.regierung.li. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  8. ^ Quaderer, Rupert (31 December 2011). "Ospelt, Josef". Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein (in German). Archived from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.

Further reading

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  • Vogt, Paul (1987). 125 Jahre Landtag (in German). Vaduz: Landtag of the Principality of Liechtenstein.
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