1806 in Canada
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Events from the year 1806 in Canada.
Incumbents
[edit]Federal government
[edit]Governors
[edit]- Governor of the Canadas: Robert Milnes
- Governor of New Brunswick: Thomas Carleton
- Governor of Nova Scotia: John Wentworth
- Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland: Erasmus Gower then John Holloway
- Governor of Prince Edward Island: Joseph Frederick Wallet DesBarres
Events
[edit]- Minor trouble arises after 1806 when a governor attempts to anglicize Lower Canada, but he is able to quell dissent if not to achieve his goal.
- Russian-American Company Company collects otter pelts from Alaska to Spanish California.
- Mungo Park killed by natives on Niger River in Africa.
- On return trip John Colter is released from the Lewis and Clark Expedition to join Forrest Hancock and Joseph Dickson (Dixon) to trap the Yellowstone River.
- Le Canadien, a Quebec nationalist newspaper, is founded.
Births
[edit]- April 12 – Peter Rindisbacher, painter (d.1834)
- May 6 – Charles Dewey Day, lawyer, judge and politician (d.1884)
- August 12 – George Ryan, politician (d.1876)
- November 2 – Henry Kellett, officer in the Royal Navy, oceanographer, Arctic explorer (d.1875)
- December 9 – Jean-Olivier Chénier, physician and Patriote (d.1837)
Deaths
[edit]- May 31: Louis Dunière, politician (b. 1723)
- July: Robert Gray, merchant sea-captain and explorer (b.1755)
- October 26: John Graves Simcoe, first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada (b.1752)
- December 31: Deborah Cottnam, schoolmistress and poet (b. c.1725–1728)
Historical documents
[edit]For "inhabitants on both sides," U.S. trade with British North America should be free, but U.S. will dominate carrying trade[2]
U.S. Senate wants return of trade goods that British confiscated as well as "arrangement" over impressment of U.S. sailors[3]
Earl of Selkirk arguessettlement of Highland emigrants in British North America (not in U.S.A.) is good for colonists and colonies[4]
Salem newspaper names Canada-U.S.A. road links as communications that will "accelerate the settlements in these countries"[5]
"W. Wilberforce" and "G. Sharp" sponsor plan for "a comprehensive system of Improvement" for Indigenous in British North America[6]
Michigan rumours of attack by Indigenous people probably meant to scare off trade rivals, and use big trade gathering as pretext[7]
Reading Declaration of Independence on July 4th "breathes envy, hatred, strife, malice and all uncharitableness" between nations at peace[8]
Lower Canada
[edit]"This great cause of humanity" - British physician John Ring details extent of cowpox vaccination against smallpox in Lower Canada[9]
In Quebec City, business has "been laid aside[...]to give room for demonstrations of joy for the Victory [at Trafalgar]"[10]
Part of Quebec convoy to Britain burned by French; 2 troop transports escape, but 6 merchantmen "were left pursued by the enemy"[11]
Tips on growing corn, "an article of great importance to the cultivators of this Province" because so much of it has to be imported[12]
Why House of Assembly replaced straight land tax with proportional tax based on varying agricultural value of land[13]
Assembly has Montreal merchant dinner toastmaster and Montreal Gazette editor who published toasts arrested for libelling House[14]
House of Assembly orders Quebec Mercury editor's arrest by sergeant-at-arms for publishing account of House proceedings[15]
British ambassador to U.S.A. relates frustrating case of North West Company goods seized by Michilimackinac customs office[16]
John Quincy Adams at gathering with Canadians "Mr. Shaw" and "Mr. M'Gillivray" (possibly Angus Shaw and William McGillivray)[17]
Bridges and roads planned: Quebec City to Connecticut River; Trois-Rivières to Hereford; and through Hatley to Richelieu River[18]
£1,000 for removing "impediments" in Lachine Rapids is to be matched for further work there and toward Lake St. Francis[19]
"A Man left a Widower with a Family of Eight Small Children, for all of whom he [cannot] provide, [will place] out some of them[....]"[20]
Woman with minor son, "sole surviving issue of her mariage," wants "all persons indebted to his Sucession to pay immediately"[21]
Counterfeiters of U.S. bank notes in Montreal arrested and their paper supplier offered immunity if he turns King's evidence[22]
Protestant missionary calls Catholics "very kind to strangers [but] involved in the thick darkness of superstition and ignorance"[23]
Newspaper Le Canadien launched with motto "Notre foi, notre langue, nos institutions (our faith, our language, our institutions)"[24]
Dr. Blanchet to begin series of lectures on chemistry (gasses etc.) and geography ("Mountains, Mines, Petrifications, Lakes" etc.)[25]
Note on destroyed Trois-Rivières Ursuline convent praises nuns running hospitals and educating "the female part of the society"[26]
"Just arrived[...]Madeira wine, Spanish wine[...], Cogniac Brandy, Holland's Geneva,[...]Martinique crème Cordials [etc.]"[27]
Deputy Commissary General wants proposals to supply "[3,000] gallons of proof West India rum"[28]
Ad notes "life of drudgery and anxiety led by the sons and daughters of Thespis" suffering "fickle fortune's severest frowns"[29]
Touring artist informs ladies and gentlemen of his portrait painting (miniature to "as large as life"), paper profiles, art lessons etc.[30]
Painting: view of Quebec City in distance from downriver near north bank[31]
Upper Canada
[edit]John Norton blames presents and encouragement from Indian Affairs for opposition in Six Nations to promoting "general good"[32]
Joseph Brant urges Assembly to make Six Nations reserve "our own property" and to not let government "curtail us of a great part"[33]
Norton sees "increasing propensity" to raise cattle, which "from the great decrease of wild animals[...]becomes very necessary"[34]
Lawyer shows new lieutenant governor Francis Gore zeal for constitution that "neither innovation can impair nor anarchy deform"[35]
Brant asks to be allowed to give customary welcome with "leading chiefs and principal warriors" of Six Nations to Lt. Gov. Gore[36]
For £1,000, Mississaugas sell 85,000 acres just west of Toronto to Crown (excepting land and fishing rights on 4 watercourses)[37]
Efforts to have escaped slaves returned from Michigan Territory are refused by its governor and judiciary as beyond their power[38]
Moravian missionaries blame "rum-traders [for] several unpleasant things [that] created much disturbance" at Fairfield mission[39]
Methodist preacher Nathan Bangs dreads "a Lukewarm spirit[,] only a dead weight to those who would be alive to God"[40]
Province is to pay £400 for equipment to teach "the principles of Natural Philosophy, Geography, Astronomy and the Mathematics"[41]
Report of duel between lawyers after one is persuaded to challenge other for making critical remarks about him (challenger dies)[42]
Fashion and behaviour in Upper Canadian society are criticized by man writing from York[43]
Nova Scotia
[edit]Subsidies set for grain grown on newly cleared land, for importing salt (for fisheries) and for exporting fish to British West Indies[44]
As French fleet attacks Newfoundland, Halifax hosts military force ("probably near 3,000") says writer who got commission then[45]
Wilmot Anglican minister has "a numerous congregation," but few communicants and two-thirds are "discenters"[46]
"[Everyone] is at liberty to pay [for] the support of religion [and] I fear learning and religion + morality will be rare plants in N Scotia"[47]
New Brunswick
[edit]Ward Chipman tells Edward Winslow he "or any other particular friend" can contribute anonymous opinion pieces for newspaper[48]
"Free Negro" of Norton Parish requests 200-acre tract near Kennebecasis River for himself, wife and child (granted)[49]
Hudson's Bay Company
[edit]Moose Factory chief John Thomas says "Canadians" have left Eastmain and will do same at Moose if HBC will drop some posts[50]
Moose asks Fort Albany's help with 130 day food supply; wants to send some men to Albany because few rabbits and fish caught[51]
Daily thaw bad at Churchill because firewood and "Partridge ground" are on river islands, and snow doubles weight of snowshoes[52]
Moose Factory cows go through ice when orders ignored; after 3 hours in water, 1 cow dies and another is warmed up back at post[53]
Western interior
[edit]Alexander Mackenzie tells Roderick Mackenzie he must write Northwest history, but will possibly make more enemies than friends[54]
Ojibwe from Lake Vermilion recalls when settlers were no problem, but times have changed and begs lake waters not be poisoned[55]
Traders and Indigenous people going from Pine River to Cross Lake nearly starve "owing to the Countrie being all burnt"[56]
Summary of travels of Lewis and Clark Expedition[57]
Meriwether Lewis warns of "formidable" North West Company expanding from posts on Souris River into Missouri River region[58]
"Saakies" and Potawatomi seek help from Upper Canada against encroachment on their lands from U.S.A. (request deferred)[59]
Elsewhere
[edit]Seal nets catch "above 130" seals, keeping more Labrador Inuit around Okak "than have been present for these many years"[60]
References
[edit]- ^ "George III". Official website of the British monarchy. Royal Household. 31 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
- ^ James Madison to James Monroe and William Pinkney (May 17, 1806), U.S. National Archives. (See also New Brunswick lieutenant governor(frame 563) has "always thought that our open communication with New York was an injury to us") Accessed 8 August 2024
- ^ "Quebec, March 13, 1806; The following resolution[....]," The Quebec Gazette, March 13, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 31 July 2024
- ^ Thomas Douglas, "XI. Importance of the emigrants to our colonies(....)" and "XII. Measures adopted in pursuance of these views(....)" Observations on the[...]Highlands of Scotland, with a View [to] Emigration (Second Edition; 1806), pgs. 164–232 (Images 180–251) (See also comments on Selkirk's book) Accessed 25 July 2024
- ^ "The Subject of the Quebec turnpike[....]," The National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (September 17, 1806), pg. 3 Library of Congress. (See also notice (pgs. 310–11) of turnpike through New York State to Montreal access road) Accessed 24 July 2024
- ^ Proposal for Forming a Society for Promoting the Civilization and Improvement of the North-American Indians, within the British Boundary Accessed 25 July 2024
- ^ "Indian War," The Quebec Mercury, July 28, 1806 pg. 236, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 29 July 2024
- ^ "The american papers[....]," The Quebec Mercury, July 28, 1806 pg. 239 (centre column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 29 July 2024
- ^ John Ring, ["To the Editors(....) Medical and Physical Journal (April 1806), pgs. 311-22, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ "Quebec, January 9, 1806," The Quebec Gazette, January 9, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also description of one victory ball held in Quebec) Accessed 31 July 2024
- ^ "Quebec, October 30, 1806; We are sorry to announce[....]," The Quebec Gazette, October 30, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also further details (pg. 3) of "Quebec fleet") Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ "To the Editor of the Quebec Mercury" (July 24, 1806), The Quebec Mercury, August 4, 1806 pg. 242, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 29 July 2024
- ^ "Memorial containing the motives(....)" (March 18, 1806), Journals of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada[...]1806, pgs. 134–42, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, Bibliothèque, Québec. Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ "The House, according to order(....)" (March 15, 1806), Journals of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada[...]1806, pgs. 112–20, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, Bibliothèque, Québec. (See also editorial comment ("The Resolve of the House[....]," The Quebec Mercury, pg. 79) that libel claim could be "unpleasant" for House, and also editorial comment just following on "tyrant's" dislike of newspapers) Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ "Ordered, That Thomas Cary(....)" (March 11, 1806), Journals of the House of Assembly, Lower-Canada[...]1806, pg. 88, l'Assemblée nationale du Québec, Bibliothèque, Québec. (See also editor's apology to House and release from custody, pgs. 92, 94, and Assembly proceedings published (The Quebec Mercury, pg. 78), and also comment on editor's arrest (pg. [81])) Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ William Hull to James Madison (July 31, 1806), U.S. National Archives. (See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-12-02-0398 Hull's comment that "the agitation respecting the Slaves i⟨n⟩ Upper Canada has subsided") Accessed 8 August 2024
- ^ "18 January 1806" John Quincy Adams Digital Diary, Massachusetts Historical Society. Accessed 9 August 2024
- ^ "Executive Council Office" (October 6, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, October 9, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 1, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ https://bnald.lib.unb.ca/legislation/act-applying-further-sum-one-thousand-pounds-out-any-unappropriated-monies-hands-his An Act for applying a further sum of one thousand Pounds(...)towards the improvement of the inland navigation of this Province, between Montreal and Lake St. Francis] (April 19, 1806), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See also details of clearing work pgs. 38–44) Accessed 24 July 2024
- ^ "To Charitable Persons" (September 6, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, September 11, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ "The Subscriber in her own name[....]" (September 24, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, October 2, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ Letter from Montreal (September 20, 1806), New Hampshire Gazette (October 28, 1806), pg. 2 (See also accounts (pg. 311) of further arrests) Accessed 24 July 2024
- ^ Letter from Quebec City mission (January 11, 1806), Account of Foreign Missions Undertaken and Supported by Churches in Edinburgh and Other Places (June 1, 1806), pg. 30 (image 34), University of Toronto Library. Accessed 25 July 2024
- ^ Quoted in Claude Bélanger, "The Three Pillars of Survival" (2000), L’Encyclopédie de l’histoire du Québec / The Quebec History Encyclopedia, Marianopolis College. (See also Prospectus (in French) for this newspaper, and unfriendly commentary (pg. 366) in Quebec Mercury (Note: several letters in subsequent issues of Mercury echo this hostility); and see note in Gazette (pg. 3) explaining why it will avoid "any discussions [that excite] national prejudices") Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ "Chemical Lectures by F. Blanchet[....]" (November 22[sic], 1806), The Quebec Gazette, November 20, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ "Quebec, October 9, 1806; It is with much concern[....]," The Quebec Gazette, October 9, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. (See also "Beneficent Subscription" (pg. 5) to raise funds for nuns) Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ "For Sale by the Subscriber on His Wharf" (June 5, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, June 26, 1806, Cahier 2 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ "Wanted for His Majesty's Service" (July 31, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, July 31, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 3, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ "We venture to recommend Mrs. Ormsby[....]," The Quebec Mercury, May 5, 1806 pg. 143 (left column), Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 29 July 2024
- ^ "Painting" (October 8, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, October 9, 1806, Cahier 2 pg. 5, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 1 August 2024
- ^ James Peachey, "A view of the City & Basin of Quebec, the Capital of Canada, taken near the Falls of Montmorency in 1806" McCord Stewart Museum. Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ Letter of John Norton (July 24, 1806), Library and Archives Canada. Accessed 7 August 2024
- ^ "The Petition of Captain Joseph Brant" (February 14, 1806), Records of Niagara; 1805–1811 pgs. 24–5, Niagara Historical Society. (See also Brant speech (PDF frames 13–24) on subject, and John Norton's wish (PDF frame 11) that Brant not be overthrown) Accessed 31 July 2024
- ^ Letter of John Norton (October 20, 1806), PDF frame 3, Library and Archives Canada. Accessed 7 August 2024
- ^ "Upper Canada" (August 30, 1806), National Intelligencer, and Washington Advertiser (October 6, 1806) pg. 1, Library of Congress. (See also welcome (pg. 359) from people of Lincoln County) Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ Letter of Joseph Brant to Lieutenant Governor (August 24, 1806), Indian Affairs; Lieutenant-Governor's Office - Upper Canada; Correspondence, 1796-1806, pg. 436 (Image 486), Library and Archives Canada. (See also portrait of Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant)) Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ Head of the Lake Treaty, No. 14 (September 6, 1806), Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ William Hull to James Madison (July 31, 1806), U.S. National Archives. (See also [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/02-12-02-0398 Hull's comment that "the agitation respecting the Slaves i⟨n⟩ Upper Canada has subsided") Accessed 8 August 2024
- ^ "Extract of a Report, Made by the Brethren's Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen" (November 1806), 1806-1810, vol. 04: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen, pg. 93 (frame 112 of 574), Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 7 August 2024
- ^ "Wednesday January 1st 1806" The Journals & Notebook of Nathan Bangs 1805-1806, 1817. Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ An Act to procure certain Apparatus for the promotion of Science (March 3, 1806), British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. (See also "Quebec, September 15, 1806" notice (pg. 294) that apparatus will perhaps go to John Strachan's academy) Accessed 24 July 2024
- ^ "From the Albany Gazette," The Quebec Mercury, December 1, 1806 pg. 382, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 30 July 2024
- ^ "To the Editor of the Quebec Mercury," The Quebec Mercury, August 4, 1806 pgs. [241]–2, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 29 July 2024
- ^ An Act to encourage the raising Bread Corn on new Lands and An Act to encourage the Fisheries of this Province, by granting a Bounty on the importation of Salt and An Act for granting a Bounty on Dry Cod and Scale Fish, exported to his Majesty’s Islands, Colonies, and Plantations in the West-Indies British North American Legislative Database, 1758-1867. Accessed 24 July 2024
- ^ "III.--Miscellaneous Events, &c." A Brief History[...]of Nova Scotia, during the Earliest Years of the Present Century (18--?), pg. 22 (Image 28). Accessed 25 July 2024
- ^ Journal of Rev. John Wiswall note on letter received June 11, 1806, frame 140, Acadia University. Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ Journal of Rev. John Wiswall note on letter received June 11, 1806, frame 140, Acadia University. Accessed 26 July 2024
- ^ "Ward Chipman to Edward Winslow" (July 29, 1806), Winslow Papers; A. D. 1776–1826 (1901), pg. 556 (frame 570). Accessed 9 August 2024
- ^ "Petition of John Hodges, 3 July 1806, Norton Parish" University of New Brunswick Libraries. Accessed 25 July 2024
- ^ "15 [September 1806]," Moose - Post Journal; 1806-1807 frames 5–6. (See also in letter (frame 9) Thomas says progress of trade influenced by Indigenous people's health and habit of not paying their debts) Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ "John Hodgson Esqr[....]" (December 15, 1806), Moose - Post Journal; 1806-1807 frame 18. Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ "1806; Nov'r 29th," Fort Churchill - Post Journal; 1806-1807 frame 10. Accessed 13 August 2024
- ^ "8 [December 1806]," Moose - Post Journal; 1806-1807 frame 17. Accessed 12 August 2024
- ^ Letter of Alexander Mackenzie to Roderick Mackenzie (November 7, 1806), Letters of Sir Alexander MacKenzie, Images 62–3, University of Saskatchewan Libraries. Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ John McLoughlin, The Indians from Fort William to Lake of the Woods (ca. 1806), pg. 5 (Page #7 of 20), McGill University. Accessed 8 August 2024
- ^ "Wednesday 12 February 1806" Journal for 1805 & 6; Cross Lake, Image 31, University of Saskatchewan Libraries. (See more on starvation on nearby pages) Accessed 6 August 2024
- ^ "American Voyage of Discovery across the Continent[....]" (from National Intelligencer, 1806), The Quebec Gazette, November 27, 1806, Cahier 1 pg. 4, Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec. Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ Letter of Meriwether Lewis to Thomas Jefferson (September 23, 1806), U.S. National Archives. Accessed 8 August 2024
- ^ "Information respecting the hostile intention of sundry Indian Nations towards the Government of the United States" (July 30, 1806), Indian Affairs; Lieutenant-Governor's Office - Upper Canada; Correspondence, 1796-1806, pgs. 414–20 (Images 460–6), Library and Archives Canada. (See also report (column 2, bottom) that British traders "influenced" Sauk to attack Zebulon Pike's party) Accessed 2 August 2024
- ^ Letter from Okkak (August 18, 1806), 1806-1810, vol. 04: Periodical accounts relating to the missions of the Church of the United Brethren established among the heathen, pg. 78 (frame 94 of 574), Memorial University of Newfoundland. Accessed 6 August 2024
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